Disorders of mitochondrial long chain fatty acid oxidation and the carnitine shuttle Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Springer Nature Link Frontiers Dietary supplementation with L carnitine elevates intracellular carnitine levels and affects gene expression of SLC25A20 and COX4I1, as well as non mitochondrial respiration of bovine blood cells during systemic immune challenge Role of carnitine in disease Nutrition & Metabolism Springer Nature Link l Carnitine reduces reactive oxygen species endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintains mitochondrial function during autophagy mediated cell apoptosis in perfluorooctanesulfonate treated renal tubular cells Scientific Reports The Role of l Carnitine in Mitochondria, Prevention of Metabolic Inflexibility and Disease Initiation Metabolism: The carnitine shuttle and fatty acid metabolism (practice) Khan Academy